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Title The CEO's Role in Business Model Reinvention.
Name Harvard Busienss Reveiw Á¶È¸¼ö 3400 Date 2011-06-01
The CEO¡¯s Role In Business Model Reinvention.
¹Ì·¡¸¦ º¸´Â CEO ´Â ¼¼°¡Áö¸¦ ¼öÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀ縦 °ü¸®ÇÏ°í, °ú°Å¿¡¼­ Àؾî¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀº ÀØ°í, ¹Ì·¡¸¦ âÁ¶ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

By Vijay Govindarajan and Chris Trimble
(Vijay Govindarajan is the Earl C. Daum 1924 Professor of International Business and the founding director of the Center for Global Leadership at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth. He was General Electric¡¯s first professor in residence and chief innovation consultant. Chris Trimble is on the faculty at Tuck and is an expert on innovation within established organizations.)

Áö³­ 10³â°£ À§´ëÇÑ Çõ½Å ¼º°ø »ç·Ê·Î ²ÅÈ÷´Â Google, Netflix, Skype ÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ º¾½Ã´Ù. ¿Ö, Microsoft ´Â Google À» ¸¸µéÁö ¸øÇßÀ¸¸ç, Blockbuster ´Â Netflix ¸¦ ¸¸µéÁö ¸øÇß°í, AT&T ´Â Skype ¸¦ ¸¸µéÁö ¸øÇßÀ»±î¿ä?

¿Ö ±â¾÷Àº »õ °æÀïÀÚ°¡ ÁøÀÔÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¼ºÀå µ¿·ÂÀ» ãÀ¸·Á °í±ººÐÅõ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ±î¿ä? ¹®Á¦´Â ¸¹À¸¸ç, ¿¹´Â ¼ö¾øÀÌ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. °£´ÜÈ÷ ¼³¸í ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¸¹Àº ±â¾÷Àº ¿À´ÃÀÇ ºñÁî´Ï½º ¸ðµ¨À» ½ÇÇàÇϴµ¥ ³Ê¹« ÁýÁßÇÏ¿©, ±× ºñÁî´Ï½º ¸ðµ¨ÀÌ ¿µ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ÀØ¾î ¹ö¸³´Ï´Ù. ¿À´ÃÀÇ ¼º°øÀÌ ³»ÀÏÀÇ ¼º°øÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.

±Í»çÀÇ Ãë¾àÁ¡À» Æò°¡Çϱâ À§ÇØ, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Áø´Ü¹ýÀ» ½ÃµµÇØ º¸½Ã±â¸¦ ±ÇÇØ µå¸³´Ï´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ Index Ä«µå¿¡ ÇöÀç ±Í»çÀÇ Á¶Á÷¿¡¼­ ½Ãµµ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ÁÖ¿äÇÑ »õ·Î¿î °èȹµéÀ» Àû¾î º¸¼¼¿ä. ±×¸®°í ¼¼°³ÀÇ box ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î, Box 1Àº ¡°ÇöÀ縦 °ü¸®:, Box 2´Â ¡°°ú°Å¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î Àش١±,, Box 3´Â ¡°¹Ì·¡¸¦ âÁ¶¡± ¶ó°í ¶óº§À» ºÙÀ̼¼¿ä.


´ÙÀ½, ¸î ºÐ µ¿¾È, 5³â, 10³â, ȤÀº 20³â ÈÄÀÇ ±Í»çÀÇ ¾÷Á¾À» »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¼¼¿ä. ¸ðµç º¯È­ÀÇ ¼¼·Âµé, Áï, ±â¼ú, °í°´ÀÇ Àα¸Åë°è ¿ä¼Ò, ¹ý±Ô, ¼¼°èÈ­ µîµîÀ» °í·ÁÇϼ¼¿ä. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È­ÀÇ ¼¼·ÂµéÀ» ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÎ°í, ±Í»çÀÇ »õ °èȹµéÀ» ÇØ´ç µÇ´Â Box ¿¡ ³ÖÀ¸¼¼¿ä: ÇöÀçÀÇ »ç¾÷ ¼º°ú °³¼±¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °èȹÀº Box 1¿¡; ¿À·¡µÈ Á¤Ã¥°ú °üÇà, ¿À·¡µÈ °¡Á¤°ú mind-set, ½ÇÀûÀÌ ÀúÁ¶ÇÑ »óÇ°°ú ¼­ºñ½º´Â Box 2; Àå±â Á¶Á÷ ¹× »ç¾÷ °èȹÀº Box 3¿¡.

±â¾÷ÀÌ ¿µ¼ÓÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â [Box 1: Çö»ó À¯Áö], [Box 2: Æı«], [Box 3: âÁ¶], ÀÌ ¼¼ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀ» Àß ¸ÂÃß¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼¼ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ CEO ÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¾÷¹«À̳ª, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ È¸»çµéÀº ¾ÐµµÀûÀ¸·Î [Box 1 Çö»ó À¯Áö]¸¦ ¼±È£ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Æı«³ª ¹Ì·¡ âÁ¶´Â Çö»ó À¯Áö ±×´Ã¿¡ °¡·Á, ºûÀ» º¼ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

È®½ÇÈ÷, ÇöÀç ºñÁî´Ï½º ¸ðµ¨ÀÇ ¸ÅÀÏ ¸ÅÀÏÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀº ¾ÆÁÖ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. CEO µéÀº Box 1À» Àß À¯Áö ¸øÇϸé ÀçÀÓ ±â°£ÀÌ Âª¾Æ Áý´Ï´Ù. Wal Mart ³ª Southwest Airlines ó·³ CEO µéÀº ¸ÅÀÏ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼º°ú °ü¸®¿¡¸¸ ÁýÁßÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ°íÀÇ Box 1 ȸ»ç µéÀº ÁÁÀº µðÀÚÀÎÀÇ ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ó·³ ³¯·ÆÇÏ°í, È¿À²ÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¹Àº ±â¾î³ª ÇǽºÅæ, Camshafts °°Àº º¹ÀâÇÑ Àΰ£ÀÇ ÇൿµéÀ» ³î¶ó¿ì¸® ¸¸Ä¡ Á¶À²À» ÀßÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

±×·¯³ª CEO µéÀº Box 1¿¡ ¸¸ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. Box 2 ¿Í Box 3µµ Àß ¼öÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ôµµ, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ CEO µéÀº Æı«³ª âÁ¶¸¦ ¸¶Áö¸· ¼ø°£±îÁö ¹æÄ¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ë½Å CEO µéÀº ºÐ±â ¼öÀÍ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °­ÇÑ ¾Ð¹Ú°¨, ¸®½ºÄ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çø¿À°¨, ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÒÆíÇÔ, º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÇ×, °ú°Å °æÇèÀ¸·Î ºÎÅÍÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ÃßÁ¤, ±âÁ¸ »ç¾÷ Àá½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ²¨¸² µî, ´Ü±â ¼º°ú¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Ð·Â¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸ÅÀÌ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àº ȸ»çµéÀÌ º¯È­¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

½ÇÆд óÀ½¿¡´Â Áï½Ã µå·¯³ªÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¶¸¸°£ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ê¾÷¿¡ ÞªàÊû¡ ÀÇ À̵¿ÀÌ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© ÇöÁ÷¿¡ ±Ù¹«ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇùÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, À¯Àü°øÇп¡¼­ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÇõ½ÅÀº Á¦¾à¾÷°è¿¡ Çõ¸íÀ» °¡Á® ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ȯ°æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ¿ì·Á´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö Áý¾à »ê¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¿ì·Á¸¦ °¡Á® ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ¼¼°èÈ­·Î Áß±¹°ú ÀεµÀÇ ±â¾÷µéÀÌ ÃÖÀú°¡ »óÇ°À¸·Î ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ±â¾÷µé¿¡°Ô °æÀïÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

´ëºÎºÐÀÇ È¸»çµéÀÌ ¼±ÇüÀÇ º¯È­´Â Àß ´ëÀÀÇÏÁö¸¸, ÞªàÊû¡ÀÇ º¯È­°¡ ÀϾ¸é ¾îÂîÇÒ ¹Ù¸¦ ¸ô¶ó ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¼Ò´Ï°¡ ÈÞ´ë¿ë À½¾Ç Player ±â¿Í, ÀüÀÚÃ¥ ½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ÀÇ µÚ¶³¾îÁø °Í°ú, ½º¸¶Æ® ÆùÀÇ ºü¸¥ ÁøÈ­¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇϱâ À§ÇØ ³ëÅ°¾Æ¿Í ¸ðÅä·Î¶ó°¡ °í±ººÐÅõÇÏ´Â °Í µîÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

ÇöÀç¿Í ³»ÀÏÀÇ °æÀï¿¡¼­ À̱â±â À§ÇØ, CEO µéÀº 3°³ÀÇ box ¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¿î¿µÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Box 2¿Í 3Àº ¾ÕÀ¸·Î 20³â µ¿¾È ÇÒ »ç¾÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿À´Ã Áغñ¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸»Çϱâ´Â ½¬¿öµµ Çൿ¿¡ ¿Å±â±â´Â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, 3°³ÀÇ box °£ÀÇ ÀÚ¿ø ¹èºÐÀÇ ±ÕÇü ¹®Á¦ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, CEO µéÀÌ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¹«¾ùÀ» Æı«ÇÏ°í, ¹«¾ùÀ» âÁ¶ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

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Infosys ÀÇ ºñÁî´Ï½º ¸ðµ¨ Çõ½Å
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2006³â 7¿ù 31ÀÏ Infosys ÀÇ Narayana Murthy ȸÀåÀº Àεð¾ÆÀÇ Mysore ¿¡¼­ ¼öõ¸íÀÇ Á÷¿øµé ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ³ë¶õ»ö ´ÜÃ߸¦ ´­·¶½À´Ï´Ù. Áö±¸ ¹Ý¹ÙÄû¸¦ Áö³ª¼­, Nasdaq ¿¡¼­ °Å·¡´Â ½ÃÀÛ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Infosys ÀÇ 25Áֳ⠱â³ä ÃàÇÏÀÇ ÀÏȯÀÎ Nasdaq °Å·¡ °³½Ã´Â ¼¼°è °æÁ¦°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô Çõ½ÅµÇ¾î ¿Ô´ÂÁö¸¦ »ó¡ÀûÀ¸·Î º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

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Infosys ´Â Àεµ¿¡¼­ ±Þ¼ºÀåÀ¸·Î ½ÅÈ­ÀûÀÎ ±â¾÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 1980³â¿¡ ÀÌ È¸»ç´Â ¸î ¸íÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¸Ó ·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î, Àεµ¿¡¼­ ¹Ì±¹À¸·Î ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÃâÀåÀ» ´Ù´Ñ ÀÛÀº ȸ»ç¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, 1990³â¿¡´Â ÀεµÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦ ÀÚÀ²È­¿Í ÀÎÅÍ³Ý º¸±ÞÀ¸·Î Global Delivery ¸ðµ¨À» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç Infosys ´Â Á÷¿ø ¼ö 100,000¸í,, ¸ÅÃâ 5¹é¾ï ´Þ·¯ÀÇ IT ¼­ºñ½º ȸ»ç·Î ¼ºÀåÇß½À´Ï´Ù.

1990³â ÈĹݿ¡ ¸ÅÃâÀÌ ±Þ¼ºÀåÇÏ¿©,Infosys ´Â Çö»ó À¯Áö¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, Murthy ȸÀåÀº IBM °ú Accenture ¿Í °°Àº IT ¼­ºñ½º ´ë±â¾÷µé¿¡°Ô µµÀüÇÏ°í ½Í¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Murthy ȸÀå°ú ´ç½Ã CEO ÀÎ Nandan Nilekani ´Â ÀÌ »ê¾÷ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÁøÈ­ ÇÒÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ °¡¼³ (hypothesis) ȸÀǸ¦ ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½Ã ȸ»çÀÇ °¡Àå ¿ä±¸»çÇ×ÀÌ ¸¹Àº °í°´µéÀº Ã¥ÀÓ°¨ÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ IT ¼­ºñ½º ȸ»çµé·Î ºÎÅÍ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ¹Þ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼º°¡½Ã°Ô »ý°¢Çß½À´Ï´Ù. Murthy ȸÀå°ú Nilekani »çÀåÀº ½ÃÀÛºÎÅÍ ³¡±îÁö ¼­ºñ½º°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ IT ȸ»ç°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é °í°´»çµéÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °¡¼³ÀÇ È¸»ç´Â »õ·Î¿î IT ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿î¿µ µðÀÚÀÎÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÇÏ°í, ±â¼ú »ç¾ç¼­¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ´Â ¸Å´ÏÁö¸ÕÆ® ÄÁ¼³Æà ÆÀÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ È¸»ç°¡ »õ·Î¿î Çϵå¿þ¾î¿Í ¼ÒÇÁÆ® ¿þ¾î¸¦ óÀ½ºÎÅÍ °³¹ßÇÏ°í, ½ÃÇèÇÏ°í, ¼³Ä¡±îÁö ¿Ï·á ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ê¾÷ÀÇ Å« º¯ÇõÀ» ÀǹÌÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à¿¡ ¿©·¯ °æÀï»ç°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ End-to-End ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ÁøÀÔÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿¹ÀüÀÇ ÆÄÆ®³Ê°¡ ¿À´ÃÀÇ °æÀïÀÚ°¡ µÉ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸î¸îÀÇ Å« ±â¾÷µé¸¸ »ì¾Æ ³²À»¼ö Àִµ¥, Infosys ´Â °æÀï»ç¸¦ ´É°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Global Delivery Model ·Î¼­, ±× Áß Çϳª°¡ µÇ°íÀÚ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ, Infosys ´Â ¿©·¯ »õ·Î¿î ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î¾ß Çß½À´Ï´Ù. Box 2 ¿Í 3¿¡ ÁøÀÔÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, Infosys ´Â Áö³­ 10³â°£ ¸ÅÃâ 2¾ï ´Þ·¯¿¡¼­ 5½Ê¾ï ´Þ·¯ Áï 25¹è ¼ºÀåÀ» Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±âÁ¸ »ç¾÷ÀÎ °í°´ ¸ÂÃãÇü ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î °³¹ß »ç¾÷ ºÎ¹® ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ È¸»ç ¸ÅÃâÀº °ÅÀÇ Àü¹«¿¡¼­ 2010³â¿¡ 60% ¼ºÀåÇß½À´Ï´Ù.

Infosys ´Â Á¶Á÷ ±â¾ïÀ̶ó´Â Box 2ÀÇ À§ÇèÀ» ±Øº¹Çϴµ¥ ¼º°øÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. »õ·Î¿î ÀÎÀçµé°ú ÇÔ²² Â÷º°È­ µÇ´Â ¾÷¹« ÀýÂ÷¸¦ µµÀÔÇÏ¿© Box 2 ¿Í Box 3À» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¸¸µé¾î ³ª°¬½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿©, Box 1ÀÇ ¿ì¼ö¼ºÀ» À¯ÁöÇϸ鼭 ¹Ì·¡¸¦ âÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±× °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ Infosys ´Â Àü·« ¼ö¸³, Ã¥ÀÓ°¨, Á¶Á÷ µðÀÚÀÎÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ 3°³ÀÇ ¿øÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ÆÁÖ ÁÖÀÇÇß½À´Ï´Ù.


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Àü·« ¼ö¸³ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº ¸Å¿ì Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °í°´ÀÇ ¿å±¸¸¦ öÀúÈ÷ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ºÐ¼®ÀûÀÌ°í, ÀÚ·á Áß½ÉÀÇ ÀýÂ÷ ¹æ½ÄÀÌ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¹Àº ÀåÁ¡¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ÀÌ ÀýÂ÷µµ ¿ª½Ã Box 3 ÀÇ »ç°í¸¦ Á¦ÇѽÃų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. öÀúÈ÷ ºÐ¼®µÈ ÀÚ·á¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤À» ÇÏ´Â ¸®´õ´Â Á¦ÇÑµÈ Áõ°Å³ª ¾àÇÑ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ±Ù°Å·Î Çؼ­´Â º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °áÁ¤À» À¯º¸ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î: ´Ü±â ¼º°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¶À½ÀÚ¼¼; ¹Ì·¡ °í°´ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í, ÇöÀç °í°´¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °­ÇÑ ÁýÁß; ÀáÀç °æÀï»ç°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¿À´ÃÀÇ °æÀï»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁýÂø; »õ·Î¿î ¿ª·®À» °³¹ßÇϱ⠺¸´Ù ±âÁ¸ ¿ª·®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °­Á¶ µî ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Box 3 Àü·« ¼ö¸³Àº ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù. âÁ¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀº Box 2ÀÇ Æı«ÀûÀÎ Çൿ°ú ÇÔ²² ½ÃÀ۵Ǿî¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. – ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ Àü·« °üÇàÀ» Æ÷±âÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Box 3 Àü·«Àº °ú°Å·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼±ÇüÀÇ ÃßÁ¤ÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ºñ¼±ÇüÀÇ À̵¿À» ½ÃµµÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ Box 1À» °¡¼ÓÈ­ Çϸ鼭, Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ÃÖ°í±îÁö ½ÂÁøÇÏ·Á¸é ¾î·ÆÁö¸¸, ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °³³äÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Infosys ´Â ºñ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ÀÇ°ßµéÀ» Box 3 Àü·« °úÁ¤¿¡ µµÀÔÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °í°´±ºÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ÀÏ´ëÀÏ È¸ÀÇ È¤Àº ±×·ìÀ¸·Î ¸¸³ª¼­, ȸ»çÀÇ ¹Ì·¡ ¼ºÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ¹ßÀûÀÎ Á¦¾Èµé°ú Àå±â °¡Á¤µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ µµÀüÀ» ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀÇ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ °á°ú·Î¼­, Infosys ´Â ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ ½Å±Ô»ç¾÷ÀÎ Àεµ ÀºÇà ÁöÁ¡¿¡ »ç¿ë µÇ´Â ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¿Í, Àü¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ë µÇ°Ô, ÅõÀÚ¸¦ µÎ ¹è·Î ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

Infosys ´Â ÀþÀº Á÷¿øµéÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸Å³â 8°³ÀÇ °íÀ§ °æ¿µÀÚ È¸ÀÇ¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÏ´Â ÀþÀº °í¼º°úÀÚµé·Î ¡°Voices of Youth¡±¶ó´Â ÆгÎÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Murthy ȸÀåÀº 30/30 ¹ýÄ¢À» ÀοëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áï Àü·« ÅäÀÇ Âü¼®ÀÚ 30%´Â 30¼¼ ÀÌÇÏ·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ±ÔÄ¢ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Ãß°¡·Î, Infosys ´Â ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡ ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ ÀþÀº Á÷¿øµéÀ» À¯ÀÔÇϱâ À§Çؼ­, Àü·« ³«¼­ º®, Áö½Ä Ä«Æä, Àë ȸÀÇ, ½ºÇÇµå ±«Â¥ µî âÁ¶ÀûÀÌ°í Àç¹ÌÀÖ°Ô À̸§ ÁöÀº ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Àë ȸÀÇ´Â ¿øŹ Å×ÀÌºí¿¡¼­ °¢ Âü¼®ÀÚ µé¿¡°Ô 1ºÐÀÇ ½Ã°£À» Á־ ¡°Infosys °¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ½ÅÈï ½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ ÀÌ±æ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ¿Í °°Àº Áú¹®À» ÇÏ¿©, ÁïÈïÀûÀÎ ´ë´äÀ» µè½À´Ï´Ù. Infosys ´Â ¹æ´ëÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ÀÀ´ä Áß¿¡¼­ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¿Í º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ÁÖÁ¦µé°ú ½Äº°Çϱâ À§ÇØ, ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

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Box 1 Çö»ó À¯Áö¸¦ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§Çؼ­, ¼º°øÇÏ°í Àִ ȸ»çµéÀº °³°³ÀÎÀÌ °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Áö¿ì´Â ÀåÄ¡¸¦ Àß °³¹ßÇß½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦ ½Ã°£¿¡ °á°ú¹°À» ³»°í, ¿¹»êÀ» ¸ÂÃß°í, »ç¾çÀ» Àß ¸ÂÃß´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ºÀ±ÞÀ» ¿Ã·Á ¹Þ°í, ½ÂÁøÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¸øÇÑ Á÷¿øµéÀº ´Ù¸¥ Á÷ÀåÀ» ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. GE ó·³ ¼º°ú Áö»óÁÖÀÇ ¹®È­¸¦ °¡Áø ȸ»çµéÀº Box1¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÁÖ Àß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¹Ì·¡¸¦ âÁ¶ÇÏ´Â ½Ãµµ´Â °ú°Å¸¦ ÀØÀ¸¸é¼­ ½ÃÀÛ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ºñ¼±ÇüÀÇ À̵¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃßÃøÀ» À§ÇØ °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ö°ÝÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓ°¨Àº Àá½Ã Àؾî¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÃßÃøÀº ÈÆ·ÃµÈ ½ÇÇèÀ» ÅëÇØ, ½ÃÇèÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 1999³â¿¡ IBM Àº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¼Óµµ¸¦ 500 Àμö·Î °öÇÏ´Â ½Ãµµ¸¦ Âø¼öÇß½À´Ï´Ù. IBM ÀÇ ÃßÃàÀº ¼öÆÛÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ´ÙÀ½ ¼¼´ë´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Å©°í ºü¸¥ Ĩ¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ¹æ´ëÇÑ º¸Åë ĨÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¸Á¿¡¼­ ¿î¿µµÉ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ÃßÃøÀ» ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. BlueGene À̶õ ¸íĪÀ» °¡Áø IBMÀÇ ±â°è´Â »ó»óÇÑ´ë·Î, ±âÈÄ º¯È­, ¼Ò¸³ ¹°¸®ÇÐ, ¼¼Æ÷ °úÁ¤ µîÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ¹æ´ëÇÑ ¸ðÀǽÇÇèÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ĨÀ» ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¸ÁÀº ·¯½¬¾Æ¿öÀÇ LA °í¼Óµµ·Îó·³ ¸·Èú¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¾ðÁ¦ ¸·Èú¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ³»±â À§ÇØ, IBM Àº ü°èÀûÀÎ Test Plan À» °³¹ßÇß½À´Ï´Ù. óÀ½¿£ 2°³ÀÇ Ä¨À¸·Î ¿øÇüÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú°í, ´ÙÀ½¿£ 4°³ÀÇ Ä¨, ´ÙÀ½¿£ 8°³ÀÇ Ä¨À¸·Î ¿øÇüÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °¢°¢ ¿øÇü¿¡¼­ ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ ½ÇÇèÀ» ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. 2007³â¿¡ ȸ»ç´Â ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ºü¸¥ 212,992 Ĩ ¿ë·®ÀÎ BlueGene À» °³¹ß ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

¸®´õµéÀÌ Box 3ÀÇ ½ÃµµµéÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ ºñ¿ë¿¡ »¡¸® ¹è¿ï ¶§, ´õ ³ªÀº °áÁ¤À» ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¼º°øÇÏ´øÁö ¾Æ´Ï¸é, ÃÖ¼Ò ºñ¿ë¿¡ »¡¸® Á¤¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±ÔÀ² ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÇèÀº ½¬¿î°Ô ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¡°The Other Side of Innovation¡± À̶ó´Â Ã¥¿¡¼­ Àú¼úÇßµíÀÌ, ½ÇÇè °èȹÀ» À§ÇÑ best practice ´Â ÇöÀç ¿î¿ë°ú ºñ½ÁÇØ º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Box 3ÀÇ ½ÃµµÀÇ °á°úµé°ú ¸®´õÀÇ ¼º°ú¸¦ Æò°¡Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ±¸º°µÇ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Infosys ´Â °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ÆÁÖ °­·ÂÇÑ ¹®È­¸¦ ¹ßÀü½ÃÄ×½À´Ï´Ù. Infosys ´Â ºñÁî´Ï½º À¯´ÏÆ® ¸®´õµéÀÇ Çൿ¿¡ ±â´ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾à¾î¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù: Áï, ¿¹Ãø°¡´ÉÇÏ°í (P), Áö¼ÓÀûÀ̸ç (s), ¼öÀͼºÀÌ ÀÖ°í (P), ¸®½ºÅ©¸¦ ÁÙÀÓ (D): PSPD.

2002³â¿¡ Infosys ´Â Box 3¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î »õ·Î¿î ºñÁî´Ï½º¸¦ Ãâ¹ü½ÃÄ×½À´Ï´Ù. Infosys Consulting »ç¾÷À̾ú°í, °í°´ ¸ÂÃãÇü ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ °í°´»çÀÇ Á¶Á÷ µðÀÚÀÎÀ» »õ·ÎÀÌ ÇÏ´Â Consulting »ç¾÷ºÎ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. IT Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ¸¦ ¹æ¹®ÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ ȸ»çÀÇ »çÀåµéÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö »ç¾÷ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀÌ °úÇÐÀ̶ó¸é, Infosys Consulting Àº ¿¹¼úÀÌ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

Murthy ȸÀå°ú Nilekani »çÀåÀº »õ »ç¾÷ÀÌ Ãâ¹ü Áï½Ã ¿¹Ãø°¡´ÉÇÏ°í, Áö¼ÓÀûÀÌ°í, ¼öÀÍÀ» ³»°í, À§ÇèÀ» ÁÙÀÌ´Â °á°ú¸¦ ³»±â°¡ ¾î·Æ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¼º°ú °ËÅäȸÀÇ¿¡¼­ Á¦¿Ü½ÃÄ×½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í, ³»ºÎ ÀÌ»çȸ¿¡ º¸°íÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ»çµéÀº Infosys Consulting ÀÌ ¼º°øÀûÀÎ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î °¡´Â ºÐ¸íÇÑ »çÀÎÀ» º¼¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.


Á¶Á÷ µðÀÚÀÎ(Organizational Design)
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To achieve day-to-day excellence (box 1), companies must do more than hire and train outstanding individuals. They must optimize the way individuals collaborate—through job specifications, organizational designs, and work processes. When all individuals are perfectly aligned, companies become works of high art. However, a box 1 work of art is also a highly specialized machine. As such, it¡¯s unrealistic to expect to be able to just ¡°squeeze in¡± a box 3 project. Special teams are essential. The first step in building them is a box 2 action—dropping standard organizational practices. Box 3 projects require zero-based, custom-built subunits.

Forming these subunits is an act of creation even more significant than generating a breakthrough box 3 idea. As we explained in ¡°Stop the Innovation Wars¡± (HBR July–August 2010), it¡¯s much like building a new company from scratch. Outsiders play a critical role by bringing in new skills and catalyzing change. They are powerful box 2 agents because they naturally challenge assumptions.

Infosys Consulting was a box 3 project, so Murthy and Nilekani created a new, distinct subunit. They hired an outsider with 15 years of consulting experience to lead the effort, and they lured several more senior partners from other consulting firms. Then, rather than creating a unit based on Infosys¡¯s existing organizational structure, they studied other firms¡¯ processes and organizational designs and altered them for the global delivery model. Today Infosys Consulting generates more than $100 million in revenues annually.

That¡¯s a much more favorable outcome than what happened when one of the Big Three U.S. automakers first entered India in the early 1990s. The tremendous economic divide between India and the United States demanded a box 3 approach to making an automobile. Rather than creating a zero-based subunit in India to spearhead the effort, however, the company engineered the car in Detroit and, to cut costs, decided to put power windows only in the front doors. That decision initially seemed reasonable, but at that time any Indian who could afford a car could also afford a chauffeur. The owner, sitting in the back, had to use hand-crank windows. It¡¯s one reason why this U.S. automaker is still largely irrelevant in one of the world¡¯s fastest-growing automotive markets.

Prioritizing for the long term
As we have discussed, the secret to winning over the long run lies in knowing what to forget and what to create. Still, every box 3 initiative requires a tough first step: making the commitment to launch. Shifting resources from the present to the future may be the most difficult challenge for CEOs, given the enormous short-term pressures they face routinely.

In its early days, Infosys had a Fortune 10 client that accounted for 25% of its revenues and was demanding substantial price concessions. Murthy walked away and accepted a devastating blow to short-term performance. His simple rationale: Info- sys would never agree to a price so low that it would have to sacrifice service quality or cut investments in people, training, R&D, and technology. Doing so, he reasoned, would damage the brand and undermine the company¡¯s future.

The most intense short-term pressures come not from clients, however, but from Wall Street, which demands reliable earnings growth and richly rewards CEOs who deliver it. This powerful box 1 incentive cripples the forces of destruction and creation because box 3 projects inevitably have a worse-before-better impact on the bottom line. Further, CEOs¡¯ tenures are short relative to the rhythm of transformation efforts. By the time box 3 projects pay off, many will have retired, so they are tempted to focus on the immediate and leave on a high note.

Murthy, by contrast, views Infosys as a lifelong endeavor. His approach to investors has been stead- fast: Relentlessly promote long-term potential; immediately share short-term disappointment. Murthy volunteered the bad news of the loss of the major client to investors within 48 hours. Then he returned to finding the right balance among the forces of preservation, destruction, and creation. This balance is the secret to Infosys¡¯s mastery of both the present and the future, and it must be the foundation for any business institution that aspires to endure for generations.


"One time permission to reproduce granted by Harvard Business Publishing, 2011/03/08"

÷ºÎÆÄÀÏ The CEO's Role in Business Model Reinvention.
   
 
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